Lubricant Additives

1. Detergent additives:Dating back to the early 1930s, are used to clean and neutralize oil impurities which would normally cause deposits (oil sludge) on vital engine parts.
2. Friction modifiers: Like molybdenum disulfide,are used for increasing fuel economy by reducing friction between moving parts. Friction modifiers alter the lubricity of the base oil. Whale oil was used historically.
3. Viscosity modifiers: Make oil’s viscosity higher at elevated temperatures, improving its viscosity index (VI). This combats the tendency of the oil to become thin at high temperature. The advantage of using less viscous oil with a VI improver is that it will have improved low temperature fluidity as well as being viscous enough to lubricate at operating temperature. Most multi-grade oils have viscosity modifiers. Some synthetic oils are engineered to meet multi-grade specifications without them.
4. Corrosion or rust inhibiting additives:Retard the oxidation of metal inside an engine.
5. Antioxidant additives:Retard the decomposition of the stock oil.
6. Antiwear additives or wear inhibiting additives: cause a film to surround metal parts, helping to keep them separated. Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) is a popular antiwear additive and has showed lower wear number in flat tappet style engines (like the 4.0 from jeep), the use of which has been restricted due to potential damage to catalytic converters forced upon automakers by government regulation.
7. Pour point depressants: Improve the oil’s ability to flow at lower temperatures.
8. Anti-foam agents: Inhibit the production of air bubbles and foam in the oil which can cause a loss of lubrication, pitting, and corrosion where entrained air contacts metal surfaces.
9. Seal conditioners: Cause gaskets and seals to swell so that the oil cannot leak by.
10. Metal deactivators: Create a film on metal surfaces to prevent the metal from causing the oil to be oxidized.
11. Extreme pressure agents:Bond to metal surfaces, keeping them from touching even at high pressure.
12. Dispersants: Keep contaminants (e.g. soot) suspended in the oil to prevent them from coagulating.
13. Wax crystal modifiers:Are dewaxing aids that improve the ability of oil filters to separate wax from oil. This type of additive has applications in the refining and transport of oil, but not for lubricant formulation.
14. Wear metals from friction: Are unintentional oil additives, but most large metal particles and impurities are removed in situ using either magnets or oil filters made for this purpose. See tribology, the science that studies how materials wear.

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 Electrical Device

• An electronic relay is an electronically operated switch that is remotely activated by an electromagnet which attracts a set of contacts to either make or break a circuit. Most commonly Electrical relays are used for switching signals, radio frequencies, high current circuits when using a lower current circuit, and loads such as resistive, motor, lamp, inductive, and capacitive applications. This is helpful when an in-line switch or existing circuit does not have the capacity to handle the required current.
• Relays have the same subsystems and principles of operation regardless of whether these are electromechanical relays or electronic relays or designed to switch signal or high-power loads. Relays convert an electrical input signal on the primary side to an intermediate and non-electric physical signal.
• These devices also reconvert the non-electric physical signal to operate a switching element (secondary side) such as contacts which switch and conduct electrical current (i.e., output, load current). Relays use the non-electric signal between the primary and secondary side to provide the necessary galvanic separation between the input and output circuits. Relays enable a single output that can activate multiple circuits and functions, which helps increase cost savings because high current capacity switches cost more than lower current versions.
• Relays can also perform logic functions on certain inputs, such as latching an output on and off from a momentary input. When a switch cannot take a high current or is operated by electronic circuit, the relay can be operated by switch circuits. Arcing combined with contact bouncing is one of the parameters that limits inrush current.
• Care has to be taken during the design and testing phase of an application so that the peak inrush current will not exceed the relay specification, you need a high inrush relay when you need to address inrush currents that can be extremely high.

Logistic & Freight

Freight logistics is the process of watching over and the management of a cost effective operation and the delivery of goods. It combines a lot things like logistics experience, knowledge to ensure the smooth journey of goods between carriers and shippers and most importantly the right kind of Human Resource. Freight logistic activities in their most basic form include:

• Making contact with the concerned people, selecting and engaging carriers and transport companies.
• Negotiating the terms and conditions and rates for the transportation of goods.
• Preparing and ensuring the appropriate paperwork that is associated with the transportation of shipments.
• Scheduling of shipments keeping in mind the conveniences
• Planning & optimisation of the best mode of transport, routing and load balance.
• Tracking of the shipments
• Working with Customs brokers & get compliance.
• Ensuring the necessary insurances are in place to ensure goods are insured whilst in transit.
• Freight claims Handling
• Managing the receipt and payment of invoices associated with the shipment of goods.
• Constantly looking for optimal methods to improve delivery performance, reduce time and cost and lower environmental impact.

Without a proper Freight Management Company most company operations would cease. A freight forwarder assists companies in the process of transporting goods from one place to another. Freight forwarders contract with a number of companies covering sea, air or road to transport goods on behalf of their clients. Although some freight forwarders have their own warehouses and vehicles, they aren’t necessarily the ones to carry out the transportation. Usually, they are the experts that are able to lead on the logistics and arrangements that will enable a smooth process giving companies’ piece of mind that their goods will be delivered.